柱顶层间隔震体系增量动力响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

袁梦醒  陈望  刘彦辉  谭平  金建敏 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):872-880

针对悬臂柱顶有拉梁和无拉梁层间隔震体系的抗震性能问题,运用增量动力分析(IDA)方法进行弹塑性分析,模拟结构从弹性到弹塑性直至最后倒塌的全过程。通过调幅地震动得到相应的层间位移角及峰值加速度,分别绘制单条与多条IDA曲线分析拉梁对隔震结构动力响应的影响,研究两种结构的抗震性能。结果表明:在相同性能点,有拉梁和无拉梁对纤维铰弯矩值和曲率值基本无影响,而在不同性能点,纤维铰状态明显不同;两种体系从正常使用阶段到防止倒塌阶段所需的加速度峰值的差距慢慢增大;在极罕遇地震下,柱顶有拉梁层间隔震体系的下部结构抗震性能要高于柱顶无拉梁层间隔震体系。  相似文献   

Sensitivity Analysis of the Super Heavy Rainfall Event in Henan on 20 July (2021) Using ECMWF Ensemble Forecasts     

黄绮君  葛旭阳  彭顺台  邓中仁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(3):308-325

An unprecedented heavy rainfall event occurred in Henan Province, China, during the period of 1200 UTC 19 -1200 UTC 20 July 2021 with a record of 522 mm accumulated rainfall. Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan, received 201.9 mm of rainfall in just one hour on the day. In the present study, the sensitivity of this event to atmospheric variables is investigated using the ECMWF ensemble forecasts. The sensitivity analysis first indicates that a local YellowHuai River low vortex (YHV) in the southern part of Henan played a crucial role in this extreme event. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was stronger than the long-term average and to the west of its climatological position. Moreover, the existence of a tropical cyclone (TC) In-Fa pushed into the peripheral of the WPSH and brought an enhanced easterly flow between the TC and WPSH channeling abundant moisture to inland China and feeding into the YHV. Members of the ECMWF ensemble are selected and grouped into the GOOD and the POOR groups based on their predicted maximum rainfall accumulations during the event. Some good members of ECMWF ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF-EPS) are able to capture good spatial distribution of the heavy rainfall, but still underpredict its extremity. The better prediction ability of these members comes from the better prediction of the evolution characteristics (i.e., intensity and location) of the YHV and TC In-Fa. When the YHV was moving westward to the south of Henan, a relatively strong southerly wind in the southwestern part of Henan converged with the easterly flow from the channel wind between In-Fa and WPSH. The convergence and accompanying ascending motion induced heavy precipitation.  相似文献   

惠东高潭三次极端强降水过程成因对比分析     

李明华  陈芳丽  李娇娇  姜帅  甘泉  刘建龙  曾丹丹 《热带气象学报》2020,36(5):616-625

基于ECMWF的ERA-Interim全球大气再分析资料、MICAPS实况数据和广东省气象观测资料,对比分析了广东惠东高潭1979年、2013年和2018年的三次极端强降水过程的成因。结果表明:造成高潭极端强降水的影响系统有台风本体环流、登陆后的台风残余环流、季风低压外围环流等,其中2018年季风低压影响过程降水量最大;不同过程对流层低层强迫暖湿气流辐合抬升方式不同,分别为冷暖气流相互作用、西南季风和偏南季风地交汇、季风涌、边界层急流等;各过程中伴随的低空西南气流和偏南气流的风速大小差异明显,2013年台风残余环流影响时低空西南(偏南)风风速最大。相同点有:影响天气系统移动缓慢,并长时间维持,为极端强降水的发生发展和维持提供有利的动力条件;西南(偏南)季风、边界层急流或西南气流源源不断的水汽输送,为极端强降水的发展和维持提供了充足的水汽条件,同时低空暖湿气流的输送使得暴雨区大气层结不稳定状态长时间维持,利于持续性强降水的发展。研究结论可为今后高潭及其附近地区极端强降水的预报和决策服务提供理论支撑。   相似文献   

近51a漳州市极端最低气温变化特征分析     

苏晓玲  龚松柏  郭伟斌  陈雅丽 《贵州气象》2014,(3):1-5

利用福建省漳州市10个气象站1962—2012年1、2、12月逐日最低气温资料,分析漳州极端最低气温变化特征。结果表明:①漳州多年冬季平均极端最低气温以0.397℃/10 a线性倾向率增加。②各年代际气候倾向率差异明显,20世纪80年代年极端最低气温增加最快(气候倾向率2.715℃/10 a),21世纪以来气候倾向率最小(0.006℃/10 a),20世纪70年代内极端最低气温变化相对稳定(变异系数为0.85),20世纪90年代气温变化剧烈(变异系数为1.72)。③极端最低气温(5℃)日数以-1.6℃/10 a的气候倾向率减少,多年低温日数平均值为7.5 d。④漳州市区、郊区极端最低气温显著增加,漳州市区极端最低气温以0.546℃/10 a气候倾向率增加,郊区以0.381℃/10 a气候倾向率增加。⑤漳州市区与郊区极端最低气温(5℃)日数平均差值5 d,市区低温日数以-2.427 d/10 a的气候倾向率减小,郊区低温日数以-1.509 d/10 a的气候倾向率减少。  相似文献   

重庆洪官渡铝土矿床镓元素地球化学特征及其成矿环境探讨          下载免费PDF全文

孙洁  赵晓东  李军敏  陈莉  吕涛  陈阳  贾德龙 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,34(3):106-112

重庆洪官渡铝土矿床伴生Ga含量普遍超过了工业综合利用指标。Ga与Cr、TiO2呈强正相关,与V呈中等程度的正相关,与Al2O3、Fe2O3不相关。根据Sr/Ba、u/Th、Ga/Al等地球化学指标值特征,判断该铝土矿床的含矿岩系属海陆交互沉积,但以陆相沉积为主;同时,洪官渡铝土矿床是在以淡水作用为主的弱酸性氧化环境的中形成。  相似文献   

Science, Technology and Detectors for Extremely Large Telescopes     

Roberto Gilmozzi 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,19(1-3):5-13

The second decade of the third millennium will hopefully see a new generation of extremely large telescopes. These will have diameters from 30 to 100 meters and use advanced adaptive optics to operate at the diffraction limit in order to detect astronomical objects that are impossible to observe today, such as earth-like planets around nearby stars and the earliest objects in the Universe. Even for small fields of view, the requirements for detectors are daunting, with sizes of several gigapixels, very fast readout times and extremely low readout noise. In this paper I briefly review the science case for ELTs and the requirements they set on telescopes and instruments, and report on the status of the OWL 100 m telescope project and the challenges it poses.  相似文献   

贺兰山东麓罕见特大暴雨的预报偏差和可预报性分析     

陈豫英  陈楠  任小芳  王勇 《气象》2018,44(1):159-169

提要:利用常规气象观测资料、银川CD多普勒雷达探测资料和ECMWF、T639、WRF、NCEP/NCAR等模式资料,分析了宁夏气象台漏报的2016年8月21日夜间贺兰山东麓历史罕见特大暴雨天气过程的成因,探讨了重大预报误差之缘由和可预报性,结果表明:(1)ECMWF、T639、WRF三种模式均预报宁夏中北部有15 mm以下的降雨,量级显著偏小是漏报诱因;而ECMWF降雨预报结果明显优于其他模式。(2)2016年8月中下旬西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强、位置偏北,21日达最强,在588dagpm线控制下,592dagpm线从宁夏南部东退,受低层切变线、辐合场和低空急流及贺兰山地形的共同影响,引发了宁夏极为罕见的特大暴雨。当地预报员对于极端暴雨事件预报经验匮乏,对副热带高压强盛、位置偏北的极强暴雨环流形势演变了解和认识欠缺。(3)源于东海的中低层偏东气流在西行中形成东南和南风低空急流,并在贺兰山东麓建立一暖性辐合线,由于贺兰山地形阻挡了气流的移动而产生的绕流、摩擦辐合及迎风波抬升,延长了降雨时间,对暴雨的增幅有促进和加强作用,预报中忽视了贺兰山地形对降雨影响。(4)对暴雨预报有效的物理量场θ_(se500)-θ_(se850)0K、θ_(se500)≥337K和θ_(se850)≥337K、K指数≥38℃、LI≤-3、Q_(700)≥12kg·kg~(-1)等指标掌握应用不熟练。分析结果表明:对于8月21日特大暴雨预报员可提前6h确定暴雨落区、订正降雨量级达到暴雨,可做到过程不漏报,但是经订正后的预报无法报出历史罕见的极端暴雨。  相似文献   

GIS支持下的油气多因素综合预测方法——以苏里格气田苏120区为例     

梁梓君  冯强汉  陈龙  魏千盛  任越飞  熊哲  王国华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

苏里格气田为一致密沙岩气田,油气富集区的预测优选为气藏开发奠定基础。常规的油气富集区预测方法存在着多学科成果综合分析困难、预测过程复杂、效率低下等弊端,本文针对苏里格120区块开展了基于GIS的油气富集区多因素综合预测方法的研究。首先借助GIS的空间数据库,实现多学科成果图件的集成管理;然后基于空间定位,从多学科成果图件中提取预测多因子,构建油气多因素综合预测模型;再次,运用GIS强大的叠加分析方法进行多因素综合预测,自动生成油气富集区预测平面图。本文的研究,为油气富集区的预测提供了新的技术方法,有效地提高了预测效率。  相似文献   

Geochemical Mapping: With Special Emphasis on Analytical Requirements     

XIE Xuejing  CHENG Hangxin  LIU Dawen 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(2):451-462

More than 40 national and regional geochemical mapping projects in the world carried out from 1973 to 1988 do not conform to common standards. In particular they have many analytical deficiencies. In the period 1988 to 1992, the International Geochemical Mapping project （Project 259 of UNESCO＇s IGCP Program） prepared recommendations designed to standardize geochemical mapping methods. The analytical requirements are an essential component of the overall recommendations. They included the following： 71 elements should be analyzed in future mapping projects; the detection limits of trace and ultratrace elements must be lower than the corresponding crustal abundances; and the Chinese GSD and Canadian STSD standard sample series should be used for the correlation of global data. A proposal was also made to collect 5000 composite samples, at very low sampling densities to cover the whole Earth＇s land surface. In 1997 an IUGS Working Group on Global Geochemical Baselines was formed to continue the work which began with IGCP 259. From 1997 up to now, new progress has been made especially in China and FOREGS countries under the aegis of this working group, including the study of suitable sampling media, development of a multi-element analytical system, new proficiency test for selection of competent laboratories and role of wide-spaced mapping in mineral exploration. One of the major problems awaiting solution has been the inability of many laboratories to meet the IGCP recommendations to generate high quality geochemical maps. Fortunately several laboratories in China and Europe have demonstrated an ability to meet the requirements and they will be well placed to render technical assistance to other countries.  相似文献   

冷涡背景下山东省“5·17”极端强对流天气环境条件分析          下载免费PDF全文

侯淑梅  朱晓清  史茜  唐巧玲  孟宪贵  刘畅  高荣珍  刁秀广 《气象》2023,49(11):1328-1342

2020年5月17日,山东省出现大范围强对流天气(简称“5·17”强对流),冰雹范围之广为近10年之首。对流风暴高度组织化,区域性的超级单体群以及一条长度超过500 km的强飑线造成此次极端强对流天气。利用ERA5再分析、加密自动气象观测站、多普勒天气雷达等资料,剖析了此次极端强对流天气的环境条件。结果表明:冷涡位于最有利于山东出现强对流的关键区,大尺度天气系统强迫强,对流层中层异常强的冷空气南下影响前期异常增暖的山东地区,造成“5·17”极端强对流。天气系统的异常程度更能代表动热力强迫的强度,异常程度达到2σ以上有可能造成极端强对流天气。当冷涡南下过程中强度减弱,但异常程度增加时,其东南象限仍能产生极端强对流天气。强的深层垂直风切变有利于对流风暴组织化发展,飑线的长轴走向与0～6 km垂直风切变矢量方向相同,新单体发生、发展、合并的区域位于风矢量差大值中心前沿。低层暖湿平流源源不断地向山东输送暖湿空气,是CAPE重建的机制,是超级单体群和长飑线得以长时间维持的主要能量来源。  相似文献